Winch Fairlead

What a fairlead does

A fairlead is the guide the winch line passes through as it comes off the drum. Its job is to keep the line aligned with the drum, to protect the line from rubbing on the bumper, and to allow pulls at an angle without damaging the winch or the bumper. A smooth, correctly sized opening is essential to prevent fraying and heat buildup.

Roller fairleads versus hawse fairleads

The two main types are matched to the type of line.

• **Roller fairleads** use four steel rollers in a rectangular frame. They suit steel cable, which can scrape and burr on a stationary surface, and they allow pulls from the side.
• **Hawse fairleads** use a smooth, polished opening, typically aluminum. They are intended for synthetic rope, which would be cut by the sharp edges or hardware of a roller fairlead.

Never use a steel cable through a hawse unless the maker states it is suitable, and never run a synthetic rope across steel rollers unless the manufacturer says that is acceptable.

What to check

Mounting bolt pattern is the first point. Fairleads are sold in common hole spacings, and they must match the winch's mounting foot or the bumper's plate. Look at the opening size as well, because it should be large enough for the rope diameter and the hook, thimble or stop. Product details sometimes mention a minimum winch rating, such as for winches over a given pound capacity, so compare that to your winch. Material and finish matter for corrosion resistance. Check also that the unit comes with the bolts needed.

Installation and safe use

Install the fairlead using the hardware recommended by the manufacturer and torque it to specification. Make sure the line feeds straight, and avoid pulls at extreme angles. A damaged or sharp-edged fairlead can cut a synthetic line, so inspect it for nicks and burrs regularly. Wear gloves, keep your hands clear of the fairlead during use, and never let anyone stand in line with the cable. Confirm that the fairlead is compatible with your winch and bumper, and follow the winch manufacturer's directions for rated capacity.

Match the whole recovery system, not only the fairlead. A fairlead is one part of a chain that includes the winch, line, hook, shackles, bumper and tree trunk protector, and the weakest link sets the limit. Check the winch's rated line pull and make sure the bumper mount can handle it. Spool synthetic rope neatly under light tension, since loose wraps can bind on the drum, and keep it clean of sand and mud. Inspect the hook and thimble for wear. Protect an aluminum hawse from impact when carrying the vehicle on trailers or in tight garages. Use a line dampener on pulls, and keep bystanders well away. Practicing a few controlled pulls in a safe place builds confidence, so you know your gear before you need it in earnest. Keep a pair of heavy leather gloves with the winch, because even a smooth fairlead can leave burrs on a worn line that cut skin.